The Principles of Green Design in Residential Architecture
Whenever an architect sets out to do a so-called "green project," particularly when it pertains to building a home, they have before them a wide array of options to choose from as far as laws, rating systems, and programs are concerned. Sometimes, having so many options can bring some confusion to both the architect and their client. Perhaps it would help if some principles were set out for the process and some basic definitions, so the forest isn't lost for the sake of the trees.
A green home is a home that has not only been constructed from locally sourced materials but also used much less energy than an average house. It can also be built so that it uses less energy and strives to be carbon neutral in its functioning.
This might sound complicated, but it is something we see all the time. Think of a home that has been built with non-toxic materials, a house that recycles water uses solar energy, and so on.
However, it isn't enough to slap some functionality on the house and consider it ‘green'. There is much more to it. Proper green design involves the consideration of the whole building in the design. This is known as the ‘whole building' concept and has become quite popular among architects. When a builder is interested in the whole building method, there are eight design principles that they just must consider.
- Accessibility
This objective is to ensure the design accommodates everyone, including those who might be temporarily or permanently disabled. The design should be usable by such people and should also assist the aged. Such things as where the stairs are located and how wide the interior doors are will be considered here.
- Aesthetics
Of course, this one is a little ambiguous for the simple reason that the definition and perception of beauty differ from person to person. The design can differ with the climate, the culture, the construction, the context, and the client themselves. However, with these factors held constant, the architect should strive to build a beautiful house both inside and outside, including how it fits into the landscape surrounding it and the neighboring buildings.
- Costs
There are many definitions for what constitutes cost effectiveness. The homeowner might prefer a lower upfront cost, which might imply higher operational and maintenance costs. A higher upfront cost might imply lower operational and maintenance costs. It might also mean building a house with a long lifespan, or a home that is versatile for a variety of purposes. Whatever the metric, the architect should ensure cost-effectiveness.
- Functionality
The home should be built in such a way that it best fits its owners. The spaces should be designed to offer the most comfortable movement and use. The design should also accommodate renovation and expansion.
- Health and Productivity
The indoor environment must have a positive impact on the health of the occupants. This includes the aged and the young. There shouldn't be too much heat, drafts, excessive noise, or glare. Toxic materials shouldn't be used, and the humidity levels and purity of the air should be controlled.
- History
The house's history and authenticity should be preserved. This involves using specific ornamentation and building materials that may not be readily available or affordable. This may involve preserving some aspects of the original site as connects of the house's heritage, like an old tree that won't be cut down.
- Security and Safety
Homes should always be designed and constructed to be as safe and secure as possible for the occupants and the surrounding community. There are many issues to be considered here, such as the prevention of accidents, ergonomics, and electrical safety. The house should also be able to withstand natural hazards like blizzards, tornados, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and hurricanes.
- They must consider Sustainability
Here the following should be considered:
- The potential of the site should be optimized
- The energy use should be minimized
- The water should be conserved and protected
- The products used should environment-friendly
- The quality of the indoor environment should be enhanced
- The operations and maintenance practices should be optimized
- The design should be flexible
- The design should be versatile enough to be disassembled, recycled, and reused
While this list may seem extensive, architects are experienced with balancing the principals and requirements of their clients. With these principles in mind, it is much easier to approach green design in a way that everyone can relate to.
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